Arthritis is a common and potentially debilitating condition that can affect anyone, but some individuals are more susceptible, particularly older adults, postmenopausal women, obese individuals, and those with joint injuries or autoimmune diseases.
Arthritis is a group of conditions involving inflammation of one or more joints, resulting in joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders worldwide and significantly impacts the quality of life of millions of people. There are many types of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and gout. While arthritis is not usually life-threatening, it is a leading cause of disability if left untreated.
Who is at risk for arthritis?
If you fall into any of the following groups, you are at risk for arthritis:
1. Older people
Age is the main risk factor for arthritis. As people age, the natural wear and tear of cartilage causes osteoarthritis, especially in weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine. Osteoarthritis is especially common in people over 50, and women are more likely to develop the disease after menopause.
2. Being overweight or obese
Excess weight puts extra pressure on weight-bearing joints, especially the knees, hips, and lower back. Studies show that obesity doubles the risk of arthritis, especially osteoarthritis of the knee. In addition, fat tissue produces inflammatory substances that can worsen arthritis.
3. Having a family history of arthritis
Genetics play a role in some types of arthritis. People with a family history of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or gout are at higher risk.
4. People with repetitive or physically demanding jobs
Occups that involve repetitive movements or manual labor, such as lifting, kneeling, squatting, climbing, or typing for long hours, can wear down cartilage over time and increase the risk of injury and arthritis.
5. Women (especially postmenopausal women)
Women are more likely to develop certain types of arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis. Hormonal changes, especially decreased estrogen levels after menopause, can affect the immune system and joint health.
6. People with a history of joint injury
Previous injuries to the joint, such as dislocations, fractures, or severe sprains, can lead to instability and long-term damage, increasing the risk of arthritis later in life.
7. People with underlying medical conditions
Some chronic conditions, including gout, lupus, psoriasis, and diabetes, are associated with secondary arthritis. These people should be closely monitored for early signs of arthritis.
What are the early signs of arthritis?
Early recognition of the signs is key to preventing and effectively controlling the disease, helping to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment, minimizing long-term damage and disability.
Here are the most common symptoms:
1. Joint pain
Pain is a hallmark symptom of arthritis. Pain may be dull, aching, or sharp, and is often worse with activity and relieved with rest. In the early stages, pain may be mild and intermittent, but it often becomes more severe and constant over time.
2. Joint swelling
Inflammation leads to fluid buildup and increased blood flow in the joint, resulting in swelling, warmth, and tenderness to the touch. Joint swelling is especially common in autoimmune arthritis types such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis.
3. Morning stiffness
A common and early sign of arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis, is stiffness that lasts longer than 30 minutes after waking up or after periods of inactivity. This symptom can significantly impact daily routines.
4. Limited range of motion
Inflamed or damaged joints can become stiff and lose flexibility, making it difficult to perform everyday tasks such as walking, bending, or grasping. As arthritis progresses, range of motion continues to decrease.
5. Joint deformities
In advanced stages, untreated arthritis can lead to visible joint deformities. Common deformities include dislocations, swollen finger joints, bent wrists, or curvature of the spine due to damage and erosion of joint structures.
6. Systemic Symptoms
Some types of arthritis, especially autoimmune arthritis, can also cause general symptoms such as low-grade fever, fatigue, weight loss, skin rashes, or swollen lymph nodes. These symptoms often indicate systemic inflammation.
