Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis (a condition that affects your joints). Healthcare providers sometimes refer to it as degenerative joint disease or OA. It happens when the cartilage that lines your joints is worn down over time and your bones rub against each other when you use your affected joints. Usually, the ends of bones in your joints are capped in a layer of tough, smooth cartilage. Cartilage is like a two-in-one shock absorber and lubricant – it helps the bones in your joints move past each other smoothly and safely. If you have osteoarthritis, the cartilage in your affected joints wears away over time. Eventually, your bones rub against each other when you move your joints.
7 Kinds of Arthritis You Should Know
Arthritis comes in many forms, each affecting the body in different ways. Knowing the type you have is key to getting proper treatment. Here are the seven types of arthritis you should be aware of.
1. Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It happens when the cartilage that cushions joints wears down. This causes bones to rub together, which leads to pain and stiffness. As the condition progresses, joint movement becomes more difficult. The pain may worsen with activity or after long periods of rest. Osteoarthritis most often affects the knees, hips, and hands. It can make daily activities challenging, such as walking or gripping objects.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder. The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, particularly in the joints. This causes inflammation, swelling, and damage to the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis mainly affects the small joints in the hands and feet. Over time, it can cause joint deformities and loss of function. People with this condition may also experience fatigue and general weakness, making daily tasks more difficult.
3. Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis occurs in people with psoriasis, a skin condition. It causes joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, often in the fingers and toes. The joints can become inflamed and stiff, making movement hard. Psoriatic arthritis also causes changes in the nails, like pitting or separation from the nail bed. The severity of symptoms can vary, with some people experiencing mild discomfort while others suffer from severe joint damage.
4. Gout
Gout is a form of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. The excess uric acid forms sharp crystals that deposit in the joints, especially in the big toe. This leads to sudden and intense pain, along with swelling and redness. Gout attacks can come on quickly, often at night, and last for several days. Repeated gout attacks can lead to permanent joint damage if left untreated.
5. Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is one of the types of arthritis that primarily affects the spine. It causes inflammation of the spinal joints, leading to pain and stiffness. Over time, some of the vertebrae may fuse, reducing flexibility and causing a hunched posture. The condition can also affect other joints, like the hips and shoulders. Early diagnosis is important to manage symptoms and prevent long-term complications.
6. Juvenile Arthritis
Juvenile arthritis affects children and teens, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. It can impact one or many joints, including the knees, wrists, and ankles. If not treated, juvenile arthritis can lead to permanent joint damage. In addition to joint symptoms, some children experience fevers and skin rashes. The condition can also affect a child’s growth and development, so early treatment is key.
7. Lupus
Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body, including the joints, skin, and organs. It causes inflammation that leads to pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. Lupus can mimic other forms of arthritis, making it difficult to diagnose. In addition to joint problems, lupus can cause fatigue, skin rashes, and kidney issues. The severity of lupus varies, with some people having mild symptoms while others face life-threatening complications.
