High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a common condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high, making the heart work harder to pump blood.
1. Definition and Measurement
- Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and recorded with two numbers: systolic pressure (pressure when the heart beats) over diastolic pressure (pressure when the heart rests between beats).
- Normal blood pressure is typically less than 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is diagnosed when readings consistently reach or exceed 130/80 mmHg.
2. Prevalence
- Hypertension affects a significant portion of the global population. In the United States, nearly half of adults have high blood pressure.
3. Several factors increase the risk of developing hypertension
- Age: Risk increases as you get older.
- Family history of hypertension.
- Being overweight or obese.
- Physical inactivity.
- High-sodium diet.
- Excessive alcohol consumption.
- Chronic stress.
- Certain chronic conditions, such as kidney disease or diabetes.
4. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to serious health problems, including
- Heart disease and heart failure.
- Stroke.
- Kidney disease.
- Vision loss.
- Peripheral artery disease.
- Cognitive decline and dementia.
5. Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Hypertension is often called a “silent killer” because it typically has no noticeable symptoms. Many individuals are unaware they have high blood pressure until they experience a serious health event.
- Regular blood pressure checks are essential for early detection. Blood pressure is measured using a cuff placed around the upper arm, providing systolic and diastolic readings.
6. Management and Treatment
- Lifestyle modifications are the first line of defense against hypertension: Adopting a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products; Reducing sodium intake; Engaging in regular physical activity; Maintaining a healthy weight; Limiting alcohol consumption.
- If lifestyle changes are insufficient, medications may be prescribed to help lower blood pressure.
7. Innovative Treatments
Recent developments, such as Targeted Thermal Therapy (TTT), show promise in treating certain types of hypertension. TTT uses intense heat to destroy nodules on the adrenal glands that cause salt retention and elevated blood pressure. Early trials have been promising, but further research is needed to confirm its efficacy.
8. Prevention
- Regular physical activity.
- Eating a balanced, low-sodium diet.
- Maintaining a healthy weight.
- Managing stress effectively.
- Avoiding tobacco use.
- Limiting alcohol intake.
Regular monitoring and proactive management are crucial in controlling high blood pressure and reducing the risk of associated health complications.
